What are the effects of ceramide?

What are the effects of ceramide?Ceramide exists in all eukaryotic cells and plays an important role in regulating cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, aging and other life activities. Ceramide, as the main component of intercellular lipids in the skin stratum corneum, not only acts as a second messenger molecule in the sphingomyelin pathway, but also plays an important role in the formation of the epidermal stratum corneum. It has the functions of maintaining skin barrier, moisturizing, anti-aging, whitening and disease treatment.

Ceramide accounts for about 40% to 50% of the lipids in the human stratum corneum. It is the main structural component of the stratum corneum to exercise skin barrier, moisturizing and other functions. Its physiological functions in the stratum corneum are mainly:
(1) Barrier effect: when the barrier function of skin stratum corneum is disordered, the synthesis of sphingolipids increases, and reaches the highest value with the completion of barrier function repair. Local use of a certain amount of natural or synthetic ceramide can restore the skin barrier function damage caused by organic solvent or surfactant treatment.
(2) Adhesion: ceramide exists in the intercellular lipids of the stratum corneum, and plays the role of intercellular connection through the combination of ester bond and cell surface protein. When the content of ceramide in the epidermis decreases with age or other factors, the adhesion of keratinocytes in the stratum corneum decreases, resulting in the loose structure of the stratum corneum, the decline of skin barrier function, the loss of water through the skin, and finally the drying and even scaling of the epidermis.
(3) Moisturizing effect: at the same time of connecting keratinocytes in the stratum corneum, the water oil amphiphilic of ceramide makes it form a certain network structure in the stratum corneum, and skin water can survive. Experiments show that topical ceramide can increase skin conductivity, that is, increase water content, and improve the ability of skin to maintain water. At the same time, ceramide obtained from plants can also play a good role in moisturizing the skin.
(4) Anti aging and anti allergy effects: with the aging of the skin, the synthesis of lipids in the skin gradually decreases. The increase of ceramide content can increase the thickness of the cuticle of the skin epidermis and improve the “brick wall structure” of the cuticle, so as to enhance the elasticity of the skin, prevent the production of wrinkles, and delay the aging of the skin. When the skin barrier function is disordered, it can cause external harmful substances to invade the skin through the horny space and hair follicles, causing allergy. With the increase of ceramide, the skin ages, and the lipid synthesis in the skin gradually decreases with age. The increase of ceramide content can increase the thickness of the horny layer of the skin epidermis, improve the “brick wall structure” of the horny layer, so as to enhance the skin elasticity, prevent the generation of wrinkles, and delay the aging of the skin.
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